1 . Climate change refers to changes beyond the average atmospheric condition that are caused both by natural factors such as the orbit of earth’s revolution, volcanic activities and crustal movements and by artificial factors such as the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases and aerosol. Climate change by global warming, which refers to the average increase in global temperature, has become a megatrend that will lead to significant global changes in the future. Concerning its impacts, the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) presented considerable scientific evidences in its fourth report on climate change (2007) and they have become clearly recognized worldwide. In addition, people have become more aware of the fact that global warming cannot be avoided due to the continued increase in greenhouse gas emissions and the changes in the climate system. The Club of Rome Report 1972 officially raised global warming as an international issue and, in 1985, World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) officially declared carbon dioxide as the principal cause of global warming. In order to effectively cope with the global warming issue, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was organized in 1988 and has carried out systematic research and in-depth studies on climate change.
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